Weihrauch Etymologie
Jedes Land hat für Weihrauch verschiedene Namen, so dass es ab und an einmal zu Verwirrungen kommen kann. Hier eine kleine Aufklärung:
Name für Weihrauch im Englischen:
“Þese ben liȝt medicyns whiche þat drien olde woundis þat neden a litil driynge: mastik, frank encense, barli mele.” Lanfrank’s ‘Science of Cirurgie’, Middle English, 1396 A.D.
Die ältesten Aufzeichnungen in Bezug auf Weihrauch stammen aus dem 14. Jahrhundert. Das Wort “Frankincense”, wie Weihrauch im Englischen genannt wird, stammt ursprünglich aus dem Lateinischen “francum incensum”, was soviel wie “reines Harz” bedeutet. Weitere Schreibweisen sind “fraunk encense, frank encense und frank incense”
Semitische Schreibweise
“ויאמר יהוה אל־משה קח־לך סמים נטף ׀ ושחלת וחלבנה סמים ולבנה זכה בד בבד יהיה׃”
“Der Herr sprach zu Mose: Nimm dir Duftstoffe, Staktetropfen, Räucherklaue, Galbanum, Gewürzkräuter und reinen Weihrauch, von jedem gleich viel.” – Exodus 30:34
Die Wurzel des Wortes “weiß” in der semitischen Sprache lautet “LBN” oder “Laban”. Das hebräische Wort für Weihrauch lautet “levona” oder “ha levona” חלבנה. Man kann vermuten, dass im hebräischen Weihrauch so genannt wird, wegen dem weißen Rauch, der aufsteigt, wenn man Weihrauch räuchert oder auch wegen der “milchigen” Farbe, beim Ernten des Weihrauchs.
Interessant finde ich es, dass das chinesiche Wort für Weihrauch “Ru Xiang” 乳香 “milchiger Räucherstoff” ist.
Das moderne arabische Wort für Weihrauch ist “Al Lubban” اللبان.
Lateinische Sprachfamilie
Leider gibt es in der lateinischen Sprachfamilie kein richtiges Wort für Weihrauch. Zwar gibt es das Wort “Olibanum”, aber dieses Wort ist heute eher selten im Gebrauch. Weihrauch wird, wie allgemein Räucherrohstoffe oder Räucherstäbchen, einfach “incenso” genannt. Manchmal auch Franchincenso.
Im Französischen heißt es dann “encens”, im Spanischen “incienso” und im Portogusischen “incenso”.
Deutsche Sprachfamilie
Das deutsche Wort “Weihrauch” kommt vom Alt-Deutschen “wih”, was “heilig” bedeutet und dem Wort “rauch”. Im Dänischen sagt man “wierook” und im Norwegischen “virak”
Bulgarische Sprachfamilie
Bulgarisch stammt von der Slawischen Sprache ab und wird in Ost-Europa, Bulgarien, Kroatien, Tschechoslowakei und Russland gesprochen. In Bulgarisch lautet das Wort für Weihrauch “liban”ливан, das von dem griechischen Wort “livani” λιβάνι abgeleitet wurde.
Weihrauch in anderen Sprachen
Japanisch – Nyūkō
Kroatien: Tamjan
Schwedisch: Rökelse
Somalisch: Fooxa
Suaheli– Uban
Spanisch: Incienco
Tschechisch – Kadidlo
Hindi – लोहबान
In Kashmiri Sprache heißt der Weihrauch = कंठगण (Kanthgan)
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